Infectious diseases during pregnancy

Infectious diseases during pregnancy
rubella

Rubella is a highly contagious viral infection, occurring most often between the ages of 5 and 9 years . 94 % of pregnant women are protected by the antibodies they have made ​​during their childhood after contracting the virus or after being vaccinated .

Pregnant women not immunized can catch rubella and pass the baby through the placenta , causing a risk of malformations. Manifestations of rubella are mainly fever, headache, rash on the neck and face ...

The diagnosis of rubella is difficult because the manifestations of this infection may resemble other viral diseases . Sometimes this viral disease sometimes even goes completely unnoticed. The appearance of very mild manifestations caused by the rubella virus can affect the fetus and cause deformities.

The regular practice of blood during pregnancy is the only way to ensure the absence of infection with rubella .
CMV , cytomegalovirus

Pregnant mothers to infants or working - age women are in the schools most affected by the infection caused by CMV , cytomégalovirus.Ce virus is spread through repeated contact with the saliva or urine of children in low - contact age.

The virus can cause a miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy . It can be transmitted to the fetus and cause deafness , mental retardation , liver damage , stunted growth , or malformations.

Manifestations of CMV are similar to those of a current such as the flu virus , with fever , headache , body aches ... A mother who has contracted CMV before pregnancy is immune in the vast majority of cases. 80% of infected during pregnancy the fetus will not have consequences.
For more
Screening for CMV

A blood test can detect the protection of the mother towards the virus. A negative test means that it has not contracted the virus. If the test is positive during pregnancy , you should consult a doctor to ensure the absence of contamination of the fetus quickly.

Read more »

Pregnancy - Constipation , fatigue

Pregnancy - Constipation , fatigue, etc. .

Many small problems, rarely serious , sometimes very annoying accompany pregnancy .
Expectant mothers should know that it is possible to reduce the intensity and sometimes even for some , to prevent their appearance.
Backache

From the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy, weight gain and increased volume of the uterus affect the spine.
Do not stand too long
Avoid high heels
Do not carry heavy loads
For swimming , walking and gymnastics.

nausea

Nausea is common in early pregnancy and continue until about the third month. They occur most often in the morning on waking. They are aggravated by a too large time gap between two meals.
Reduce the occurrence of nausea

Split meals and hang 3 lighter meals and snacks every day to taste - 17H about .
Grab a snack in the evening after the last meal to reduce the time interval " without food " to breakfast .
Decrease the amount of food in each meal
Avoid making too much effort in the morning.
Do not eat breakfast late in the morning

hemorrhoids

The occurrence of hemorrhoids , dilated veins inside the anus , forming small balls inside or outside is very common during pregnancy.

This phenomenon often occurs as a result of constipation which lasted several days , frequently observed in mothers position .

During pregnancy , the uterus becomes larger , compresses abdominal veins disrupting blood flow to the origin of varicose veins and hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids have no consequences for the fetus.
advice

Avoid spicy foods
Reduce constipation can cause hemorrhoids
Avoid starchy
Eat prunes
Adopt regular physical activity such as swimming or walking , for example.


Drugs are generally against -indicated during pregnancy.
In case of aggravation of events, consult a doctor.
Fatigue

Fatigue is felt during the first few months , sometimes forcing them to sleep during the day. It tends to decrease during the fourth month.

To fight against fatigue :
Rest frequently
Accept less work , especially in spots of daily life
Get help
Go to bed earlier
Take a nap in the afternoon
Do not eat too much at night
Do not overheat the room: a temperature of 19 degrees during the night is recommended.

Permanent fatigue can be a sign of a vitamin deficiency or iron . In this case , it is necessary to consult your doctor .
varicose

Varicose veins occur in late pregnancy . They disappear in most cases after childbirth.
Do not stay too long standing
Remove high heels
Elevate the legs at night .
Massaging the legs of the bottom upwards
Wear compression stockings after your doctor
cramps

Cramps occur during late pregnancy. They are located in the legs and thighs and appear at night. It is necessary to take the advice of his doctor if these cramps are common and disabling.
Sleep disorders

They vary depending on the stage of pregnancy
In early pregnancy

Fatigue and sleepiness occur during the day and need a nap or rest .
During the second quarter

The mother is usually in better shape and sleeps more easily
During the last quarter

Insomnia can often disturb his sleep , in fact , the baby moves a lot and the mother experiences a frequent need to urinate.
Tips for better sleep

Avoid consumption of coffee and tea
Eat light , especially during the dinner.
Do relaxation exercises before going to bed
Read rather than watch TV
To bed at regular hours in a well ventilated room and not too hot
Sleeping on your left side : this position avoids compressing the vena cava to the right of the uterus. *

urinary Disorders

Frequent urination

The compression of the bladder by the uterus , especially in late pregnancy when the fetus grows, causes frequent urination .
urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections are common in pregnant women and should be treated at the onset of the first signs : urinary burning, need to urinate frequently ..
Stretch

They appear on the abdomen, breasts, buttocks , hips and thighs
They appear as white marks .
They are more important after the 6th month
Regular skin hydration makes it possible to reduce intensity
constipation

Episodes of constipation are very common during pregnancy
Practice of physical exercise, 30 minutes a day , unless it is against inappropriate, such as swimming, walking and gymnastics to avoid being constipated .
Eat high fiber foods such as cereals , wholemeal bread or bran , pasta , rice, fruits and vegetables , for example.
Drink 1.5 liters of water per day , preferring a water rich in magnesium .
Do not use laxatives without medical advice

Mask of pregnancy

Chloasma is brown spots that appear on the face (forehead, cheeks ... )
It gets worse during sun exposure
It disappears after childbirth
It can reappear taking a contraceptive pill


To protect his face during sun exposure .
gastric reflux

The acid reflux are manifestations that may hinder the mother .
Eating more slowly
Do not lie down immediately after dinner
Avoid foods that are too spicy , too acidic or too greasy .
acne

The occurrence of episodes of acne during pregnancy can interfere with the mother , especially since the majority of treatments to address this anomaly are contraindicated during pregnancy.
Taking care of your skin by cleaning it daily.
Caries and gingivitis
caries

They can be dangerous , as any infection that may occur during pregnancy, if they are not treated . Brushing your teeth morning and night , performing a gentle brushing .
gingivitis

Gingivitis, gum disease, often causes bleeding.
Monitoring to the dentist is recommended to the 3rd month of pregnancy.

Read more »

amniocentesis test

amniocentesis
Amniocentesis (not amniocentesis ) can identify and diagnose genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, such as certain chromosomal abnormalities , especially trisomy 21. Amniocentesis is gradually become a routine examination that is increasingly prescribed , then it has some risks that need to know . The number of pregnant women who had amniocentesis has increased fivefold in 20 years in France in 2007 to reach nearly 11 %. Amniocentesis is to perform an amniocentesis using a thin needle through the abdominal wall and uterus . This examination is carried out under continuous ultrasound guidance .
The most common situations

The most common situations in which amniocentesis may be offered are:
family history

The existence of a family history of hereditary disease (some myopathies , cystic fibrosis, etc.). , Malformation or chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21.
The existence of a history of child with chromosomal disorder
A history of multiple miscarriages

toxoplasmosis

When fetal infection is suspected ( toxoplasmose. ..)
Blood

When a blood test performed in the mother shows a suspicion of trisomy 21.
nuchal translucency

When the measurement of nuchal translucency , that is to say, the thickness of the neck of the fetus, made ​​during the first trimester ultrasound is positive ( larger than normal) .
Defects or growth retardation

When one or more defects or growth retardation are detected on ultrasound. Trisomy 21 is not just for older women : all women are affected even if the risk increases with age .
When do?

An age of the mother over 38 years: from that age , the risk of trisomy 21 is 1 in 500 pregnancies from 40 years is 1 in 100 pregnancies
risks

The risks of amniocentesis are exceptional for the mother (less than 1:10,000 ) . There is no impact on the long-term development of the child
The risk of miscarriage within two weeks after amniocentesis , are relatively small, but significant , between 0.50% and 1% for a baby and 3 and 4% for twins.
The risk of infection must be taken into account : according to the French Society of Hospital Hygiene , amniocentesis is a test high risk of infection.

Even carried out in the best possible conditions , amniocentesis causes miscarriage in 0.5 % to 1 % of cases.
HAS recommendations

The National Health Authority wants to reduce by 50% the number of amniocentesis to reduce risks while performing this examination earlier detection of trisomy 21. Indeed, the high number of amniocentesis results in higher numbers of trisomies diagnosed with miscarriage rates .
It recommends new strategies practicing earlier detection of trisomy 21 by measurement of nuchal translucency ultrasound during the third month and a blood sample to assay maternal markers. This method relies on the limitations of these two examinations coupled to specific dates.
It would :
detect 80% of fetuses with trisomy 21
reduce the number of amniocentesis
to achieve an amniocentesis rate of 5 % .

The High Authority for Health also emphasizes the need to control the quality of the examination of nuchal translucency .
A later to screening using the serum marker can be performed during the second trimester in women who could not , for example, benefit from combined screening in the first quarter
The measurement of nuchal translucency , ie the measurement of the thickness of the neck of the fetus, is made in the third month of the first ultrasound at 12 weeks gestation .
The analysis of blood serum markers performed in the second trimester , between 14th and 18 th week of gestation . It reveals the rate of three serum markers : HCG ( hormone secreted by the placenta) , unconjugated estriol and alpha fetal protein , produced by the fetus.

The doctor will decide the exact date of the examination.
Amniocentesis is a test reimbursed by the health insurance fund for women
Aged 38 years or more
Those with a personal or family history of genetic diseases
Those at risk of giving birth to a child with trisomy 21

A change in the rate of blood markers associated with a low recovered during the first scan is an indication nuchal perform amniocentesis .

Read more »

DNA test: know the sex of their child

DNA test: know the sex of their child

DNA test
A method to determine the sex of a baby in the sixth week of pregnancy is now marketed in Britain.

By sending a drop of blood taken at the end of a finger and fixed on a blotter, a pregnant woman can know, in less than a week, the sex of the unborn child. Many scholars condemn this method could lead to interruptions many pregnancies if the baby is not sex that the couple wishes or in countries like India and China, for example

Agency biomedicine said that France would not allow this practice.

Read more »

Examinations during pregnancy

Examinations during pregnancy

blood tests
A blood test remains the first pregnancy examination .
It allows you to check the following points:
Determination of HCG hormone

The dosage of the HCG hormone to confirm the status of pregnancy.
Knowing the blood

Rh-negative means that the mother can develop antibodies against her baby if it is Rh-positive . Immunization is most often performed at the time of delivery.

There is no risk during the first pregnancy. The risk occurs during a subsequent pregnancy, miscarriage or Abortion .

The determination of blood occurs during the first prenatal visit . A second blood group determination is made in the eighth or ninth month of pregnancy. The search for irregular antibodies occurs in the sixth and eighth months (or 9th) month of pregnancy, if the mother is Rh negative type, or if it has been previously transfused .
Preventive treatment in the form of an injection of an anti - Rhesus vaccine within 72 hours after delivery is carried out after each pregnancy.
toxoplasmosis

Absence of antibodies against toxoplasmosis means that the mother is not immunized against toxoplasmosis : a blood test must be performed each month to ensure that the mother has not contacted the disease.
Establish hygiene : wash hands regularly , wash fruits and vegetables ...
Check the protection against syphilis , a sexually transmitted disease that can infect the baby

HIV (AIDS)

This non- mandatory testing is strongly recommended and accepted by more than 90 % of pregnant women .

A woman who does not know she is infected with HIV has a 4 chance of passing the virus to her child. If the diagnosis is made , treatment can avoid the risk of transmission and drops the risk is less than one in 100 .
hepatitis B

This test is recommended during the 6th month: This infection spreads easily to baby
Test mean that the mother is a carrier of hepatitis B, without causing events if the disease is not declared , can vaccinate the baby immediately after birth in the delivery room and vaccinate the other members of family .

NFS and sedimentation rate .

The blood test for blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is performed during the sixth month of pregnancy, but it can be earlier if, for example , a risk of infection or anemia is suspected.
rubella

The presence of antibodies means that the mother is immune . Rubella can cause fetal malformations .

Advise mothers to perform a blood test when deciding to have a baby and vaccinated at that time if there is no antibody . Absence of antibodies indicates that the test is negative. A negative test during pregnancy , reflecting the absence of antibodies , makes it necessary to provide a vaccination after delivery. If a blood test reveals that the mother contracted rubella during pregnancy , close monitoring is established.

Consult a doctor if they develop a rash during pregnancy in a woman who is not vaccinated.
gestational Diabetes

The optional test for gestational diabetes is offered to women with risk factors (overweight , family history of diabetes, women older than 40 years , women from Asia , North Africa , West Indies , history of birth defects or fetal death ... ) . It can detect gestational diabetes at 28 weeks of pregnancy , approximately in the 6th month , performing a blood glucose


Women developing diabetes have a higher risk of giving birth to a large baby and have a more difficult birth. For info:
Pregnancy and diabetes: gestational
Screening for trisomy 21

This test is used to assess the risk that the child will be a carrier of trisomy 21. In case of positivity of this test , amniocentesis may be offered .
Urinalysis

The urine tests can detect the presence of sugar, which may point to diabetes and must be confirmed by a blood test , the presence of albumin, which may be a sign of toxemia , including pathology involving hypertension , edema and may cause severe complications and finally the presence of germs showing a urinary tract infection, which should be treated.
Ultrasound

Ultrasound examination remains essential to monitor a pregnancy, detect defects, perform measurements of the baby, check the position of the placenta and for many parents to determine the sex of the child .
Ultrasound is an important time of pregnancy because it is during this examination that the prospective parents find that their baby is now in the womb of his mother, his heart beats ... But the ultrasound also is also a lot of anxiety for parents who fear that defects are discovered during the examination.

The ultrasound is performed using an ultrasound probe placed on the belly of the mother by applying a gel on the surface of the abdomen to facilitate the transmission of ultrasound. The ultrasound emitted are reflected differently depending on the density of the tissues . They are then transformed into signals through a computer system and broadcast on a video screen in the form of images.

The mother should be informed that the ultrasound does not detect any abnormalities . Normal obstetric ultrasound does not mean 100% of cases the child at birth not possess any abnormality because the review does not systematically diagnose all morphological abnormalities .



It is advisable not to put moisturizer in the days preceding the ultrasound. Moreover, it is best to keep a full bladder because it provides a better picture quality .
first ultrasound

The first ultrasound is recommended at 12 weeks gestation . This ultrasound can :
Monitor fetal development by comparing the data obtained with a standard curve ( reviewed by members and the proportion of the head, measure from the top of the skull to the tailbone ... )
The exact date of pregnancy
Identify the existence of multiple fetuses
Detect certain defects
Detect the risk of chromosomal abnormalities
Locate the placenta
Reassurance about the normality of the child ...


In some cases, a Doppler examination may be prescribed : This test measures the flow in the blood vessels of the uterus and the umbilical cord , the size of the umbilical cord , uterine artery or fetal cerebral artery .
second ultrasound

The second ultrasound , called ultrasound morphology is provided between about 20 and 22 weeks
It analyzes in detail the anatomy of the fetus
It allows you to search for possible defects.
It can often discover the baby's sex : 70% of couples want to know the sex of their child before birth.
It specifies the location of the placenta and fetal growth .

Last ultrasound

The last ultrasound is between 32 and about 34 weeks. The third ultrasound can
Detect anomalies and unidentified in previous ultrasound abnormalities.
Detect growth retardation of the fetus.
Specify the position of the baby in the womb.


It is possible to perform an ultrasound at any time of pregnancy in cases of suspected abnormalities.


Ultrasound diagnosis

When an abnormality is suspected during an ultrasound screening or when there is a significant risk of fetal abnormality , it is necessary to perform another ultrasound, called " ultrasound diagnosis ." These scans are performed by diagnostic centers Multidisciplinary Prenatal Diagnosis .

Ultrasounds performed in a strictly medical context and the delivery of ultrasound does not affect the fetus .


Ultrasound scans of comfort

Be wary of private companies that perform scans souvenirs, using ultrasound equipment identical to those of doctors. These scans are not recommended by the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products ( Afsspas ) to avoid unnecessarily exposing the fetus to ultrasound.
Quality of ultrasound fetal

degree necessary

Obstetric ultrasound can be performed by radiologists, general practitioners, obstetricians , midwives and other doctors . There are still no mandatory qualification required for the practice of ultrasound.

The quality of ultrasound can sometimes be uneven. And a doctor, not experienced enough , doing very little fetal ultrasound may not detect a defect that was diagnosed by a physician practicing enough fetal ultrasounds.
The experience of the practitioner and the quality of its equipment are indispensable for achieving scans reliability .

Read more »

Pre- conceptual counseling

Pre- conceptual counseling

Recommended by the High Health Authority , the Syngof , National Union of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of France , and CNGOF , National French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians , pre conceptual consultation should be able to take place systematically from the decision to conceive a child . This consultation is routine in many countries, such as Great Britain , Scandinavia , Hungary and the United States . The disappearance of the prenuptial certificate mandatory for about 260,000 couples each year causes a lot of fear among professionals . In fact, this review was a genuine consultation screening and prevention.

The systematization of the pre- conceptual counseling would perform better prevention and replace the disappearance of the consultation which took place in the preparation of prenuptial certificate .
Advantages of this consultation

This consultation helps to identify risk factors that may hinder the success of a pregnancy. It includes:
Practice of a gynecological checkup :
Control of blood pressure ;
Weight control : It seems now established that the baby's weight is closely related to the weight of the mother as well as her pre-pregnancy BMI . It is therefore essential to convince women want to have a child to watch their weight and make a plan, if necessary, when making this decision.


Prescription of treatment with folic acid can decrease the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.
In fact , a deficiency of folate or vitamin B9 may cause a failure of neural tube closure in the fetus.
Consider stopping smoking and alcohol
Contrindiqués identify drugs during pregnancy
Check immunization against toxoplasmosis , rubella , HIV
Consider vaccination against rubella if the mother is not protected
A blood group ... non-exhaustive list

Read more »

Pregnancy Test

Pregnancy Test

Definition

Pregnancy tests sold in the majority of cases in pharmacies without a prescription can highlight chorionic gonadotropin ( HCG) hormone secreted only in pregnant women early in the development of the embryo. The levels of this hormone increases steadily during the first six weeks of pregnancy.
development

The assay reagent must be placed directly under the stream of urine or in a container ( vial ) of urine from being collected.

Positive test === ==
About 5 to 30 minutes later , the appearance of a point, a colored band or a cross, depending on the type of test, indicates a certain level of HCG hormone and suggests a fairly high probability of pregnancy.
When?

It is recommended to perform this test in the morning because this is the time of day when the urine is more concentrated . It is necessary to wait at least ten days after fertilization for the test , two or three days after the presumed date of the rules. This theoretical cycle for 28 days .

Otherwise , wait 7-8 days late menstrual period or 15 to 20 days after a report "at risk" (unprotected) for a pregnancy test .

Avoid drinking too much liquid just before the test because it can dilute the pregnancy hormone .
Early pregnancy test

Pregnancy tests called "early" have appeared on the market. These urine tests work the same way as so-called "classical" tests, if it is their sensitivity to the hormone hCG is much larger . Thus, these tests are able , according to the manufacturer , to detect pregnancy within 3 to 4 days before the menstrual period , that is to say 12 days after ovulation, where conventional tests apply to first day of delayed menstruation .
Reliable or not?

These tests are reliable to 99 %. A positive pregnancy test is not always confirmed the absolute certainty of pregnancy.
price

The price of a pregnancy test between 7 euros and 20 euros per unit, depending on the brand and whether it is purchased alone or in pairs ( to perform a test against ) .
repayment

Pregnancy tests are not covered by Social Security .
Blood

A blood test for the hormone HCG , performed in a laboratory, is more reliable. This test is reimbursed by the social security doctor's prescription , and can accurately meter the amount of this hormone. The results are available , usually after 24 hours.
When do ?

Make the earliest possible diagnosis of pregnancy can
Schedule supervisory reviews
Fix the date of delivery
Avoid the immediate risk factors for the risk to the fetus is more important during the first few months of pregnancy.
Stop smoking
Quit alcohol
Take medical advice before taking any medication because many drugs are cons -indicated during pregnancy, the first month is the maximum risk for the baby
Stop certain sports at risk

Read more »

First prenatal visit

First prenatal visit

The first consultation to confirm the diagnosis of pregnancy and to fix the date of delivery.
Duration of pregnancy

The duration of pregnancy is calculated by weeks of gestation during which the rules are absent. Count is from the first day of your last period .
The delivery takes place in the majority of cases at about 38 weeks of gestation .
prematurity

A child born between the 38 th week of gestation and the 42 th is considered born at term . If a child is born premature at less than 37 weeks gestation over.

The threshold of viability of a premature is around 22 weeks of gestation. The average prematurity, the most common is between 33 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation .

Extreme prematurity , about 7000 children is between 27 and 33 weeks of gestation . Extreme prematurity for children born before 27 weeks of gestation.
gynecological examination

The interview allows you to search the personal factors and family risk of the mother . A blood test to determine blood group and seek immunization against certain diseases , such as toxoplasmosis , rubella , syphilis , HIV ...

During the first prenatal visit , a three-part document entitled "First prenatal examination " is given to the mother .
It shall send the pink slip to the health insurance fund and the two blue slips to CAF , family allowance fund

You must send the document before the 14th week of pregnancy, ie before the end of the third month. For information, visit the website of the CAF updated end January 2008
The mother receives a guide of " medical surveillance of mother and infant " detailing all the tests to be performed during pregnancy.
Mandatory antenatal

Prenatal consultation takes place every month , apart of course situations requiring emergency visit , and this from the 4th month of pregnancy. They are performed by the doctor or midwife . Each consultation includes a review of the mother and a laboratory test ( urinalysis, blood ... )
Maternity

The maternity leave depends on marital status and number of children the mother waits .
If mom is pregnant

Maternity leave is 16 weeks :
6 weeks before the expected date of childbirth
10 weeks after childbirth

Maternity leave is 26 weeks if the mother has given birth to two live births or home bears the burden of two or more children , and expects her third child
8 weeks before childbirth
18 weeks after childbirth

If mom is expecting twins

Maternity leave is 34 weeks
12 weeks before the birth
22 weeks after childbirth

If mom expecting triplets

Maternity leave lasts 46 weeks
24 weeks before delivery
22 weeks after childbirth

During the period of maternity leave , the mother is not required to comply with the schedule set out on a regular work stoppage .

If the child is hospitalized beyond the sixth week after birth , the mother may return to work and use the remainder of postnatal leave from the day when the child leaves the hospital.
The postponement of pregnancy leave

A pregnant woman can see a part of her prenatal leave its post- natal leave . This report can be
At one time for a maximum period of three weeks
Several times , renewable once or several times , with a maximum of three weeks .

The date of maternity leave is determined by the health insurance fund which specify the dates of arrest and return to work.
Prenatal medical leave

The disease resulting from pregnancy leave is available when medical problems arise during pregnancy.
A period of two weeks may be added before the start of maternity leave . It is prescribed by a gynecologist or general practitioner
It must result from pregnancy. It is intended for pregnant women experiencing a problem during pregnancy . Prenatal medical leave can not be postponed during the postnatal period.
Pathological postnatal leave

A sick leave may be proposed by the gynecologist or GP to women after childbirth when the puerperium are difficult because of eg caesarean or severe baby blues .

There is no specific leave for breastfeeding unless the collective agreement the company provides.
Parental leave

Maximum of 3 years

A parental leave can reduce or stop work to take more care of her child. This leave is paid and remains possible for the birth of a child:

Leave , renewable after one year from the stops for a period of 3 years. The adoption of a child under 3 years can take this leave , renewable after one year. The adoption of a child 3-16 years of age : the duration of the leave is limited to one year.
Conditions for parental leave

Have one year of service in the company
The company may decide to grant such leave , if the presence in the company is less than one year.
The request for parental leave can be received over a year after the arrival of the child at home .
The leave may be extended by one year due to illness , accident or serious disability of the child .
This leave may be taken in three forms:
The salaried activity ceases for a period of three years , unless it is the adoption of a child over 3 years
The employee works part-time during the same period.
The employee in vocational training unpaid .

A father may also request parental leave under the same conditions.
Maternity leave for mothers of premature

The battle waged by the SOS PREMA has allowed a right to an extension of maternity leave for mothers of premature infants. The leave is extended to all the mothers who have given birth several weeks in advance and that the baby's condition requires hospitalization .


The extension of the new maternity leave depends on the number of days in advance of the baby. The period during which the mother can benefit days of rest is increased by the number of days between the baby and 6 weeks before the date of delivery.

This period is in addition to the duration of the statutory leave , but it can not be separated from that one. Mothers of premature babies died shortly after birth are entitled to the same rights .

For more information : Visit the website SOS PREMA [ http:/www.sosprema.com/ association helps parents of premature infants ]
Working conditions during pregnancy

The law provides no obligation to change schedules .
Some collective agreements still allow some flexibility.

It is also sometimes possible to have some specific adjustments , like getting a better seat for example. It is also sometimes possible for example to start later in the morning or take many more breaks in the day.
Learn about the rules of the collective agreement of the company or make an appointment with a member of management .

Do not hesitate to make an appointment with the occupational physician who will evaluate the possibilities of changing working conditions .
Changes in employment or job

The law requires the company to change workstation of the mother if his work is incompatible with pregnancy risks such as work in contact with hazardous materials or carry very heavy loads ......

Request a medical certificate to the attending physician for development work. The employer is required to provide a compatible use.

The proposed new job can not lead to a reduction in pay . If the employer can not offer alternative employment , the employment contract is suspended, but the mother receives a commission .
authorized absences

The medical practice exams allows the mother to be absent . These absences can not be deducted from the salary.

It is possible to refuse to work overtime .
Paternity leave

The future dad can enjoy 14 consecutive days off or 18 days in case of multiple births, it may take within 4 months after birth.
It is necessary to obtain information from the health insurance fund .
Employment protection

An employer may not dismiss a pregnant woman when a certificate informed of the pregnancy of the employee .

An employer can not terminate a probationary period if the employee announces she is pregnant . An employer can not refuse to hire or terminate a contract for a trial period , taking as a pretext pregnancy. But some employers are not hiring the pretext that is not related to pregnancy but other order professionnel.Dans reasons this case, the employer must prove its decision and provide evidence . But if it is not established formal proof of incompetence, the law seems rather favorable to the employee.

Serious misconduct unrelated to pregnancy does not immune to dismissal. From the sixth month of pregnancy , do not forget to perform early recognition of the child if you live in concubinage .
Supports 100%

From the first day of the 6th month of pregnancy until the 12 th day after the date of delivery , health insurance pays 100% (on the low rate of social security , all costs medical , whether or not related to pregnancy, childbirth and its consequences .

For more information : Read the case of health insurance
" Around the baby : the belly of the mother in the first few weeks " (May 2007)
Clinical examination postnatal

It is assumed at 100% and must be made ​​within 8 weeks after delivery by the doctor or midwife .
Assistance for parents

ELP

The ELP , early childhood home service includes four tabs corresponding to four services which are the conditions for obtaining different
The premium at birth or adoption
The basic allowance
The additional activity CLCA
The supplement for free choice of childcare .


To learn more about these allowances and download these forms , visit the Urssaf
Baby bonus
Basic allowance of ELP
Additional free choice of activity : Severance supplements free choice of activity , CLCA :

It must be justifiable 8 quarters of social security contributions in the two years preceding the leave for the first child
The amount varies depending on whether the mother works part-time .
PAJE
Supplement for free choice of childcare
family allowances

They can be paid if two children under the age of 2O years are charged to the home. This allowance is paid regardless of the family situation and the amount of income .
For more information on family allowances
Family allowances can be shared between each parent raising a child in alternate residence .
For more information on family benefits shared
family supplement

The family supplement is intended for families with three children older than 3 years of age .
This amount is subjected to a ceiling of resources
To learn more about the family supplement
AJPP

The daily allowance of parental presence is intended for parents of sick children , the disabled or victims of a severe accident.
A doctor deems it necessary the presence of his mother ( or father ) to the child. The parent in this case must interrupt his work.

Read more »

approach of pregnancy

First prenatal visit
Duration of pregnancy
prematurity
gynecological examination
Mandatory antenatal
Maternity
If mom is pregnant
If mom is expecting twins
If mom expecting triplets
The postponement of pregnancy leave
Prenatal medical leave
Pathological postnatal leave
Parental leave
Maximum of 3 years
Conditions for parental leave
Maternity leave for mothers of premature

Read more »

pregnancy

pregnancy
Administrative procedures of pregnancy
Diagnose pregnancy
Pregnancy Test
preconception counseling
Project Pregnancy: Recommendations of HAS
Examinations during pregnancy
Examinations during pregnancy
DNA test: know the sex of their child
amniocentesis
amniocentesis
Medical problems during pregnancy
Medical problems during pregnancy
Infectious diseases during pregnancy

Read more »